Jus Ad Bellum, Natural Law, and the 2003 Invasion of Iraq

Mortality before and after the invasion of Iraq in 2003.

The Theoretical Foundations of Jus Cogens in International Law

International Law has it's Constituent elements (legal systems, regimes and collections of rules); Those have  interrelations from which legal networks are created. Having this in mind,  the question is whether these Constituent elements only have horizental nexus or are ordered by means of factors which unified them in a vertical manner and because of that International Law is named legal orde...

Mortality before and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: cluster sample survey.

BACKGROUND In March, 2003, military forces, mainly from the USA and the UK, invaded Iraq. We did a survey to compare mortality during the period of 14.6 months before the invasion with the 17.8 months after it. METHODS A cluster sample survey was undertaken throughout Iraq during September, 2004. 33 clusters of 30 households each were interviewed about household composition, births, and death...

reviewing the invasion of iraq from the perspective of right to use force and according to the international criminal law

in order to examine the invasion of iraq from the perspective of international law, this paper will review the legal reasons for the occupation of iraq, and also, the question of research is that whether the occupation of iraq from the perspective of right to use force is justifiable or not? by analyzing the prohibition of the use force principle in international relations and its exceptions, i...

Introducing Jus ante Bellum as a cosmopolitan approach to humanitarian intervention

Cosmopolitans often argue that the international community has a humanitarian responsibility to intervene militarily in order to protect vulnerable individuals from violent threats and to pursue the establishment of a condition of cosmopolitan justice based on the notion of a ‘global rule of law’. The purpose of this article is to argue that many of these cosmopolitan claims are incomplete and ...